Enabling the coexistence of pastoralism and wildlife in semiarid rangelands in an insecure climate

Solutionscape

Part of the region

Kenya

Kenya

Enabling the coexistence of pastoralism and wildlife in semiarid rangelands in an insecure climate

Solutionscape

Part of the region

Kenya

Kenya

In northern Kenya's semiarid rangelands, changing rainfall patterns affect water storage and excessive grazing has severely degraded vegetation. Wildlife, including elephants, is directly threatened by the loss of vegetation and lack of water—the area forms a crucial corridor between the lowlands and the highlands of Laikipia. Local communities face water scarcity, and pastoralists struggle with shrinking grazing land. As vegetation recovers, incentives grow for pastoralists to enlarge their herds, depleting resources further and deepening soil degradation. Competition for land and water has sharpened tensions between communities, and human–wildlife conflicts are on the rise.

Within this Solutionscape, the Wyss Academy collaborates with seven community conservancies and a range of civil society, government, and private sector organizations. Together, the projects address land degradation, habitat and livestock connectivity, and the livelihood pressures facing local communities—drawing on both traditional and scientific knowledge. Current efforts focus on developing alternative income opportunities beyond livestock to reduce pressure on ecosystems and build community resilience. At the same time, the Wyss Academy is engaging local communities, town and county governments, and key national agencies to secure vital wildlife migration corridors essential for long-term species survival. Evidence from the rangelands is also informing policy discussions on land use and corridor protection—supporting decisions that reflect the realities of pastoralist communities and wildlife alike.

Together with our partners and Coalitions for Change, and guided by a shared vision, we are restoring degraded rangelands through evidence-based actions while strengthening their governance and long-term stewardship for the benefit of communities and nature. Leveraging our land restoration efforts, we partnered with the private sector to develop value chains of nature‑based products that improve livelihoods. We are now ready to grow, spread and scale the proven approaches and success across Kenya and beyond.

Main achievements in 2025

In 2025, we enhanced our partnerships and strengthened the Coalition for Change across the landscape, deepening work on rangeland quality, landscape connectivity, nature-positive livelihoods, and the governance and stewardship of rangeland resources.

We also continued embedding research and evidence in our work. The National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI) certified Hub Kenya as an official Kenyan research institution, one of only 46 in the country. Progress was also made in securing the Oldonyiro wildlife corridor, now reflected in the Oldonyiro town plan. Neither would have been possible without sustained research and multilevel partnerships.

Rangeland restoration expanded significantly, with monitoring and learning strengthened across sites. By the end of 2025, our collective efforts had laid the groundwork for scaling workable solutions for the co-existence of pastoralism and wildlife in 2026 and beyond.

  • Key Changes

  • conservancies stream data for coordinated restoration and grazing plans 22

  • women engaged in beekeeping, mushrooms, and aloe vera livelihoods 3529

  • key wildlife and livestock corridors identified and demarcated 3

  • Corridors in focus: community-verified routes enter Oldonyiro’s land use plan

    In northern Kenya’s drylands, wildlife and livestock often move along the same routes—but those routes are rarely protected by planning decisions. Legal recognition at the county level is what turns an informal pathway into something that can be managed and defended. To build on that basis, a mapping exercise identified 5,626 critical natural assets such as migratory corridors, water ponds, rock catchments, salt licks, across Laikipia, Samburu, and Isiolo counties. By mobilizing a Coalition for Change across county planners, national agencies, conservancies, and communities, the work advanced to a catalytic, evidence-driven process, now in its final stages of securing three key wildlife– livestock corridors in Oldonyiro town. Through joint verification with local communities, site assessments, and inclusive planning, the corridors were integrated into the Oldonyiro town 2024–2034 land use plan. The plan now awaits gazettement, placing these corridors on a clear path to legal protection and safer people-wildlife coexistence.

    Building on this foundation, partner organizations will move forward with gazettement and practical implementation measures—such as installing signage, enacting locally relevant by-laws, and setting up monitoring systems. Together, these actions ensure that corridor protection is not just a policy on paper but a tangible safeguard that enables safer, more sustainable movement for both people and wildlife.

    A completed livestock–wildlife corridor marker in Oldonyiro, northern Kenya—one of three community-verified routes now included in the Oldonyiro town 2024–2034 land use plan, strengthening habitat connectivity through county planning and governance.
  • Restored sites double biomass and guide targeted conflict-reduction measures

    Community-driven citizen science was deployed to monitor ecosystem recovery across 35,529 semicircular bunds in 6 pilot sites, with trained local monitors collecting, validating, and reporting vegetation and wildlife-use data. As a result of this, a June 2025 biodiversity assessment found that bund sites had higher biomass (≈2.5 t/ha) than control sites (≈1 t/ha), nearby untreated rangeland plots in the same grazing units. Wildlife monitoring also recorded increased elephant activity and more frequent Grevy’s zebra sightings in restored plots compared with untreated controls. The findings are significant: treated plots function as dry-season forage banks, easing pressure on sensitive pastures and water points, and the wildlife activity patterns point to where bund restoration should extend and where corridor measures will most reduce people–wildlife conflict. The same indicators provide a baseline for ongoing monitoring and maintenance, so work can be directed to the most effective sites over time.

    Wyss Academy and local partners during a field check at a semicircular bund site, where community-led monitoring supports comparisons between restored plots and nearby untreated rangeland.
  • Coalition for Change (Women in Conservation)

    At Ol Gaboli, a Coalition for Change is enabling women in conservation to lead a nature-positive conservation pilot that integrates rangeland restoration, wildlife connectivity, and sustainable livelihoods. The Community Land Management Committee formally allocated the pilot site to a women-led committee and mandated it to restore and manage the area, demonstrating effective, inclusive governance.

    Women from 35 women’s groups are restoring degraded rangelands by digging semicircular bunds to enhance water infiltration in hard-capped soils, regenerating pasture and strengthening wildlife corridors. These restored areas anchor womenmanaged enterprises, including beekeeping for honey production, Aloe vera and African leafy vegetables, and grass-seed banks for landscape restoration. While most groups are in the setup phase, including legal certification for aloe vera soap and honey, a group harvested 150 fodder bales from its bunds, generating approximately US$ 290.

    Private-sector partners are strengthening market linkages, and the women’s honey is under Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) analysis for certification, improving quality and access to higher-value markets. Designed as a self-reinforcing loop, the pilot shows how women-led governance, restoration, and enterprise can convert ecological recovery into resilient livelihoods while sustaining stewardship and landscape regeneration.

    Women from Ol Gaboli restore degraded rangeland by digging semicircular bunds—part of a women-led pilot linking pasture recovery, wildlife connectivity, and local enterprises.

Impact Story

  • How Women in Northern Kenya Are Restoring Land and Livelihoods

    Northern Kenya’s Naibunga landscape tells a new story—of women who restore their land and, in doing so, create opportunities for their communities. At Ol Gaboli, one of two pilot sites within Hub East Africa’s Solutionscape in Naibunga and Oldonyiro, a committee representing 35 women’s groups now guides the site development and management.

    Women-led work at Ol Gaboli, where beekeeping supports household income and sits alongside restoration and site management.

Projects in this Solutionscape

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